Thursday, May 21, 2020
Similarities Between Hinduism And Christianity - 1763 Words
Hinduism and Christianity Hinduism and Christianity are two religions that have been around for thousands of years. Both religions since creation has developed philosophies on certain subjects that can be compared and contrasted, to show the similarities and differences within Hinduism and Christianity. Key subjects that can be analyzed after reviewing the history and foundation of these religions are their: paths to enlightenment/salvation, the religions treatment of women, and the afterlife. This paper will give a thorough and concise analysis through discussion with the inclusion of comparing and contrasting embedded throughout this paper. One of the most important elements ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The main deities of the Hindu religion are Brahma and his two lieutenants named Shiva and Vishnu. The god Vishnu is the creator, and Shiva is the destroyer. One is not looked upon as better than the other. This shows the ultimate realism that the Hindu culture possesses. These a re not the only gods in Hindu culture. There are many others and all have special skills and talents. The gods themselves also give birth to the idea of avatars, or the form of god when he or she comes to earth. Perhaps the most important part of the philosophy of a religion lay in its path to enlightenment. The main ideas of enlightenment come through the Four Ends of Life. The first of these ends is Moksa. Moksa could be considered the realization of separation between the spiritual self and the physical self. It is only through this realization that one can be released from the mortal coil and allowed to spiritual liberty. It is through Moska that the Hindu follower becomes familiar with the existence of the spiritual world. The second of the Four Ends of life is Kama. This end says that we must pass through life in an ethical manner that brings about the most from life. This includes learning its great values as well as experiencing its enjoyments. This protects the Hindu follow er from shutting out the physical world entirely. Artha is the third end and it deals with wealth and material well-being. It explains thatShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Christianity And Hinduism1166 Words à |à 5 Pagesmany are practiced worldwide. Both Christianity and Hinduism are very popular religions, and have a substantial amount of followers. In fact, Christianity and Hinduism are the largest, and third largest religions of the world, respectively. They have been tremendously influential on the world and have, arguably, shaped it into what it is today. Despite many differences between the two religions, Christianity and Hinduism have quite a few fascinating similarities. Not only do they have similar viewsRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Christianity1852 Words à |à 8 PagesHinduism and Christianity are two religions with different virtues and teachings. Various things differ among these two religions. For example, in Hinduism there is an aspect of enlightenment whereas in Christianity there is baptism. Each of the two religions emphasize that the followers must stick to the teachings. The followers are taught the ways of the religion and believe that the teachings that they receive are the best. Each of the two religions emphasizes that the way they lookRead MoreSimilarities and Differences Between Christianity Hinduism1635 Words à |à 7 PagesExamine and comment on contrasting standpoints about God and/or existence in relation to the topic you have investigated. Christianity and Hinduism seem to have profoundly different views in relation to God and/or existence. For example, creation within Christian belief is primarily ex-nihilo (out of nothing). God created everything in 7 days from the light and darkness, to the day of rest. This can be illustrated by reference to Genesis 1:1 ââ¬â 2:4a ââ¬Å"In the beginning God created the heavens andRead MoreDifference and Similarities Between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism.2305 Words à |à 10 Pages Title: Difference and Similarities between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism. Introduction: In the world today there are many religions of different beliefs with vast numbers of followers. However, some of these religions turn to have similarities and differences which defer them from each another. The following report briefly talks about the differences and similarities between Christianity and other four (4) major world religions and theyRead MoreChristianity And Hinduism .According To The Human Truth1601 Words à |à 7 PagesChristianity and Hinduism According to the human truth foundation (2017) ââ¬Å"religions are shared collection of transcendental beliefs that have been passed on from believers to converts, which are held by adherents to be actively meaningful and serious and either based on formally documented doctrine or established cultural practices.â⬠There are many religions in the world some are old as the beginning of time and some are newer. Hinduism is one of the oldest organized religion in the world. Read MoreChristianity And Hinduism : A Theological Perspective1391 Words à |à 6 PagesWhen looking at Christianity and Hinduism there are many ways to look at each religion from a theological perspective. This is why the best way to look at the broad view of these religions would be to analyze each by comparing and contrasting what each religion is about. The first point to look at would be at how Hinduism and Christianity are very similar in how they view the world. This can be seen in how they both s trive to achieve a state of higher being whether it be with the eternal stateRead MoreChristianity, Hinduism, And Islam1054 Words à |à 5 PagesEvery religion has its own goal, and their own believes, however there are also many similarities in their believes. Although the followers of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam may see things differently, they basically hold the same values and codes. To Islam, the Prophet Mohammadââ¬â¢s teaching is a ââ¬Å"complete and final revelationâ⬠. On the other hand, according to the bible, Christianity believes that Jesus Christ is the true lord and savior will grant you the access to heaven in the afterlife. JudaismRead MoreComparison And Contrast Of World Religions1194 Words à |à 5 PagesReligions The religions of the world, while differing greatly in their specifics, are surprisingly similar. The three most prevalent religions in the world are Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism, in that order. All believe in a higher power that presides over and created man. Islam originated in approximately 609 C.E., or Common Era, and Christianity originated around 33 C.E. which is supposedly when Jesus Christ was crucified. The main prophet of Islam, Muhammad, is supposedly of the lineage of Jesus ChristRead MoreChristianity And Buddhism And Christianity1468 Words à |à 6 PagesChristianity and Buddhism exist as two of the predominant religions throughout the world. While Buddhism ranks around fifth in number of followers of religions, it is the third most widespread religion behind Christianity and Islam. Buddhism and Christianity are arrantly distinct in their principle standpoints: Buddhism rejects the existence of a greater being and Christianity proudly professes the power of a univ ersal God. However, despite this rigid dissimilarity, both religions developed and spreadRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Hinduism Essay902 Words à |à 4 PagesChristianity Versus Hinduism Christianity and Hinduism, are two of the worlds oldest religions. Although they are very different religions they share one main goal; salvation. However, their idea of salvation and what they have to do ,and what must be done to attain salvation are very different. Two main similarities between the Hindu religion and Christian religion are referred to by different titles; nevertheless they are represented by the same action. One example of these similarities would
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Captain Corelli - 3725 Words
CAPTAIN CORELLIââ¬â¢S MANDOLIN TEACHERSââ¬â¢ NOTES This study guide is aimed primarily at students of English Literature, who are studying Louis de Bernià ¨resââ¬â¢s novel Captain Corelliââ¬â¢s Mandolin in the second year of Advanced GCSE studies but will be useful for any students wishing to look at the way in which a novel is adapted for the screen. The guide focuses on the following areas: From novel to screen: Narrative adaptation Characters Representation of nationalities Representation of war Music Language Humour FILM SYNOPSIS Captain Corelliââ¬â¢s Mandolin traces a love that begins uneasily between a conscripted officer of the occupying Italian army, Captain Antonio Corelli (Nicolas Cage), and Pelagia, a strong-willed, ambitious youngâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦It is completely virgin, it produces overwhelming clarity of focus, it has heroic strength and brilliance. It exposes colours in their original prelapsarian state, as though straight from the imagination of God in His youngest days, when He still believed that all was good. The dark green of the pines is unfathomably and retreatingly deep, the ocean viewed from the top of a cliff is platonic in its presentation of azure and turquoise, emerald, viridian, and lapis lazuli. . . Once the eyes have adjusted to the extreme vestal chastity of this light, the light of any other place is miserable and dank by comparison... [pages 6/7] à ¤ à ¤ à ¤ What aspects of this description are highlighted in the opening scenes of the film? What filmic techniques are used to achieve this? Consider the type of camera shots we see, how the camera moves, what lighting has been used, what sounds we hear and the speed of the editing - how quickly does the film change from shot to shot? How does the film use landscape to reflect the development of the themes of love and war? How does the settings assist the reading of the story as a) a tale of war b) a tale of love c) a tale of a nation 4 CHARACTERS When adapting an epic novel such as Captain Corelliââ¬â¢s Mandolin for the screen it is important to focus on certain facets of the narrative and character in order to give the story coherence. As a filmmaker John Madden wanted to bring out the full dramatic potential of theShow MoreRelated Triumph of Good in Captain Corellis Mandolin Essay919 Words à |à 4 PagesTriumph of Good in Captain Corellis Mandolinà à Despite a backdrop of war, many characters in Captain Corellis Mandolin are essentially good. This goodness in many characters overcomes the difficulties within relationships and the difficulties posed by war. De Bernià ¨res shows the triumphant nature of this goodness through his characters as they interact and develop relationships with one another. The island of Cephallonia has been able to survive through a history full of invasions. ItsRead More Captain Corelliââ¬â¢s Mandolin Essay873 Words à |à 4 Pages Captain Corelliââ¬â¢s Mandolin S U M M A R Y It is 1941, and a young Italian officer, Captain Antonio Corelli,arrives on the beautiful Greek island of Cephallonia as part of an occupying force. He is billeted in the house of the local doctor, Iannis and his daughter Pelagia. He quickly wins the heart of Pelagia through his humour and his sensitivity, not to mention his stunning ability on the mandolin. But Pelagia is engaged to Mandras, a local fisherman who is away fighting with the Greek armyRead MoreTechniques Louis de Bernià ¨res Uses to Portray the Effects of the War971 Words à |à 4 Pageslanguages instead of translating names of places and people gave even more sense of reality and the reader felt more in touch with the characters and with the story being narrated. However, another technique Louis de Bernià ¨res used when writing Captain Corellià ´s Mandolin that really struck me, was the diary of a homosexual, Carlo Guercio. This can be described as the human part of the war. It just talks about the feelings and experiences of a soldier. What Carlo talks about is touching, moreoverRead MoreThe Two Sides to Every Greek: Hellene vs. Romoi1844 Words à |à 8 Pageslive with the Romoi (290). The word Romoi actually means Roman. Considering the conflicts between ancient Romans and Greeks, it seems fitting that the Greeks would regard the negative of the two Greek personalities as Romoi. While speaking with Corelli, Dr. Iannis states, The Romoi are people very like your Fascists...they are improvisers, they seek power and money, they arent rational because they act on intuition and instinct, so they make a mess of everything (290). The Romoi only obey the
Management Planning at World Com Free Essays
Introduction The company was formed in the US in 1983.à The company became quoted in the stock exchange in 1989.à The companyââ¬â¢s growth was mainly by acquisition, inà 1999 it acquired MCI to become one of the biggest communication giants in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Planning at World Com or any similar topic only for you Order Now à Bernard Ebbers become the companyââ¬â¢s chief executive in 1985.à In 1998, the telecommunication industry in the US was in the decline performance wise Mr. Ebbers was ousted, from the position in 2001. Between 1999 and 2002 world com was involved in a series of fraudulent accounting practices in order for the company to portray profitability whereas the telecommunication industry was performing poorly.à The directors carried out this activities so as to maintain the high share price of the company in which they held many shares.à The internal audit department at world com uncovered à the more than $3.8 billion fraud, and alerted its main external auditors who were KPMG.à Subsequently in July 2002 the company filled for bankruptcy.à However, the company emerged from bankruptcy in 2004 . Planning function at World Com Planning involves evaluating the impact of present decisions on the future.à The other managerial functions are carried out only after planning function has been carried out.à Planning is relevant to all managerial levels.à Planning involves coming up with the vision mission, objectives and goals.à A vision communicates where the firm should be in 5- 10 years time while the mission is the rationale for business existence objectives on the other hand convert the mission, into achievable tasks. Goals used to further express the objectives.à The goals in order to be acceptable should be SMART that is they should be specific, should be measurable, should be attainable; they should be rewarding and should be timely.à World com has developed tactics which describe how, who, what and when activities will occur to enable the goals to be accomplished.à World com carries out strategic planning.à Strategic planning helps the firm know where it is now, where it wants to be and how it will get there. Impact of Legal l issues on Management Planning World com has been unable to efficiently plan its operations.à This is because à strategic planning process requires a lot of resources.à .à In 2002 the company was involved in a number of accounting scandals.à This made it file for bankruptcy.à The company had to pay more than $750 million, to the authorities to compensate investors.à The legal issues have affected world com since it can no longer attract competent managers, who can effectively and efficiently handle management planning at world com. {Ghallab 2004} In 2004, the company was able to come from bankruptcy but still it could not carry out management planning effectively. à World com had to pay its previous bond holders the value of their bonds, this payments affected the operations of the company.à World com also faced a number of contingent liabilities since it had very many suits pending in court; this meant that the management at world com could not be able to effectively carry out management planning IMPACT OF ETHICS ON MANAGEMENT PLANNING Ethics refer to ethical principles and moral that can suffice in corporate set up.à In world com a number of unethical practices have occurred.à Since companies aim at maximizing shareholders wealth, but at world com major corporate governance lapses have occurred in that, the directors art world com, contracted on improving their persona interests making the shareholders incur major losses.à In world com, directors were not able to follow the prescribed code of corporate governance leading to major losses in the organization, and consequently the management was not able to carry out management planning IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AT WORLD COM Corporate social responsibility refers to the organization looking at the interests of other stakeholders.à It involves the organization, caring à for the community are large.à World com was not a good corporate citizen since it did not look at the affairs of stakeholders like the government, shareholders and the general public.à A company which manages effectively its social responsibility programs enjoys a good corporate image in the eyes of the community.à World com lacks the effective resources to carry out sound social responsibility programs and this affects the management planning process, since, the objective set in the social responsibility department will not be met.à World com had too much power that the directors could control the share prices at the stock exchange. FACTROR S THAT IFLUENCE COMPANYââ¬â¢S STATEGIC TACTICAL, OPERATIONAL AND CONTIGENCY PLANNING 1. à The size of the organization:à organizations which are large in size are able to carry out effective strategic planning like world com was able to carry out management planning to cover more à 7 years. 2. à The government policy:à Organizations will have to carry out management planning with the laws of the land in mind. 3. à à The Resources available:à Companies with a lot of resources like world com are able to carry out effective social responsibility programs.{Erven 2005}{cambell 1990} References Campbell M{1990}planning universalà processà London praeger greenwood Ghallab m paolo Tà {2004}Automated planningà new york elsevier How to cite Management Planning at World Com, Essay examples
Management Planning at World Com Free Essays
Introduction The company was formed in the US in 1983.à The company became quoted in the stock exchange in 1989.à The companyââ¬â¢s growth was mainly by acquisition, inà 1999 it acquired MCI to become one of the biggest communication giants in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Planning at World Com or any similar topic only for you Order Now à Bernard Ebbers become the companyââ¬â¢s chief executive in 1985.à In 1998, the telecommunication industry in the US was in the decline performance wise Mr. Ebbers was ousted, from the position in 2001. Between 1999 and 2002 world com was involved in a series of fraudulent accounting practices in order for the company to portray profitability whereas the telecommunication industry was performing poorly.à The directors carried out this activities so as to maintain the high share price of the company in which they held many shares.à The internal audit department at world com uncovered à the more than $3.8 billion fraud, and alerted its main external auditors who were KPMG.à Subsequently in July 2002 the company filled for bankruptcy.à However, the company emerged from bankruptcy in 2004 . Planning function at World Com Planning involves evaluating the impact of present decisions on the future.à The other managerial functions are carried out only after planning function has been carried out.à Planning is relevant to all managerial levels.à Planning involves coming up with the vision mission, objectives and goals.à A vision communicates where the firm should be in 5- 10 years time while the mission is the rationale for business existence objectives on the other hand convert the mission, into achievable tasks. Goals used to further express the objectives.à The goals in order to be acceptable should be SMART that is they should be specific, should be measurable, should be attainable; they should be rewarding and should be timely.à World com has developed tactics which describe how, who, what and when activities will occur to enable the goals to be accomplished.à World com carries out strategic planning.à Strategic planning helps the firm know where it is now, where it wants to be and how it will get there. Impact of Legal l issues on Management Planning World com has been unable to efficiently plan its operations.à This is because à strategic planning process requires a lot of resources.à .à In 2002 the company was involved in a number of accounting scandals.à This made it file for bankruptcy.à The company had to pay more than $750 million, to the authorities to compensate investors.à The legal issues have affected world com since it can no longer attract competent managers, who can effectively and efficiently handle management planning at world com. {Ghallab 2004} In 2004, the company was able to come from bankruptcy but still it could not carry out management planning effectively. à World com had to pay its previous bond holders the value of their bonds, this payments affected the operations of the company.à World com also faced a number of contingent liabilities since it had very many suits pending in court; this meant that the management at world com could not be able to effectively carry out management planning IMPACT OF ETHICS ON MANAGEMENT PLANNING Ethics refer to ethical principles and moral that can suffice in corporate set up.à In world com a number of unethical practices have occurred.à Since companies aim at maximizing shareholders wealth, but at world com major corporate governance lapses have occurred in that, the directors art world com, contracted on improving their persona interests making the shareholders incur major losses.à In world com, directors were not able to follow the prescribed code of corporate governance leading to major losses in the organization, and consequently the management was not able to carry out management planning IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AT WORLD COM Corporate social responsibility refers to the organization looking at the interests of other stakeholders.à It involves the organization, caring à for the community are large.à World com was not a good corporate citizen since it did not look at the affairs of stakeholders like the government, shareholders and the general public.à A company which manages effectively its social responsibility programs enjoys a good corporate image in the eyes of the community.à World com lacks the effective resources to carry out sound social responsibility programs and this affects the management planning process, since, the objective set in the social responsibility department will not be met.à World com had too much power that the directors could control the share prices at the stock exchange. FACTROR S THAT IFLUENCE COMPANYââ¬â¢S STATEGIC TACTICAL, OPERATIONAL AND CONTIGENCY PLANNING 1. à The size of the organization:à organizations which are large in size are able to carry out effective strategic planning like world com was able to carry out management planning to cover more à 7 years. 2. à The government policy:à Organizations will have to carry out management planning with the laws of the land in mind. 3. à à The Resources available:à Companies with a lot of resources like world com are able to carry out effective social responsibility programs.{Erven 2005}{cambell 1990} References Campbell M{1990}planning universalà processà London praeger greenwood Ghallab m paolo Tà {2004}Automated planningà new york elsevier How to cite Management Planning at World Com, Essay examples
Saturday, April 25, 2020
Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Gilman Essays (1148 words)
Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Gilman Throughout history people have always seemed to follow what notions that were considered ?cool?. Though I doubt that ?cool? was the word used to describe these notions they were still there in some form or another. One of the greatest farces ever committed in the name of these popular perceptions was medicine. At that time, medicine that was on the cutting edge seem to have always involved some sort of noxious chemical or a typically atrocious diet. Not to mention the fact that ninety-nine percent of the doctors were men. Women's notions were immediately discounted on the bases of the preconception that women were not meant for such enlightened thoughts. No, men really knew what was best and women were meant to stand by what their husbands' said. This brings one particular husband to mind and how he was responsible for his wife going completely and utterly insane. His name is John and he is the husband to a woman who was diagnosed with a temporary nervous depression, meaning a slight hysterical tendency. Through John's interference he turned what was considered a minor case of a chemical imbalance into to full blown schizophrenia. During the turn of the century, which is when this story took place, what scientists knew of the human mind wouldn't fill the inside of a matchbook. This was for certain the case when it was a woman who was the patient. If there was any deviation in the accepted behavior of a woman as deemed by society, the woman was considered hysterical. When dealing with these patients, instead of seriously considering the consequences of their actions, they went along with obscenely stupid notions on how to deal with problems of the mind. The conventional course of action to take in the narrator's case was the one of nothing. I mean literally, nothing. For the narrator was considered hysterical and slightly depressed and there was only one course of action for such symptoms. That was one of complete rest. In those days the rest cure was very popular. It involved being set apart from anything that might have even the remotest possibility of stress in it. The main character of The Yellow Wallpaper was indeed set apart from all activity as directed by her husband. John dutifully followed the set path, not questioning any of the accepted methods. He set his wife up in a large, old house for the summer, kept all company that was thought to be excitable away, and separated her from her child. All this was done under the idea that these things would lower the narrators nervousness. He even took away her writing. She quickly finishes one paragraph with: ?There comes John, and I must put this away-- he hates to have me write a word.? The narrator is troubled by this nonaction on her part. A child of the times, she also follows the currently accepted rule that state she needs rest and that her state is not that serious. Though she believes ?it is only nervousness,? she does feel that, ?It does weigh on one so not to do no duty in any way.? However, she cannot bring herself to openly objecting to convention. In face of her solitude she has only one pastime, which is obsessing over the hideous wallpaper in her room. She describes it quite well when she says, ?The color is hideous enough, and unreliable enough, and infuriating enough, but the pattern is torturing. You think you have mastered it, but just as you get well under way in following, it turns a back-somersault and there you are. It slaps you in the face, knocks you down, and tramples upon you. It is like a bad dream. The outside pattern is a florid arabesque, reminding one a fungus. If you can imagine a toadstool in joints an interminable string of toadstools, budding and sprouting in endless convolutions-why, that is something like it.? I would imagine that would not be considered an appropriate way to pass the time. In fact it is probably the worst thing to be giving an unstable mind a teasingly, unstable object to focus upon. John does not give any thought to this, but, of course he is the doctor and he thinks he knows best. But then why doesn't his cure work? The narrator seems to be getting worse, not better. Someone who had the slightest bit of common sense probably would have thought that this cure was not right in this case and
Wednesday, March 18, 2020
Exploding Balloons Science Project
Exploding Balloons Science Project Im sure you are well aware you can fill a balloon with a flammable gas, ignite it and cause it to explode. How about something a little less dangerous? Heres a quick and easy project you can try that allows you to produce a fireball, without a whole lot of risk to yourself, others or property. Heres what you do: Exploding Balloon Materials You will need small balloons and one or more of the following powders: CornstarchNon-dairy creamerPowdered sugarPowdered milkLycopodium powder There are other powders that will work, but these are non-toxic and not ordinarily flammable. Make Exploding Balloons Add about a teaspoon of any of these powders to your balloon. If you have a small funnel, that will greatly simplify things. Otherwise, crease a sheet of paper and use it to deliver the powder into the balloon.Blow up the balloon and tie it off. You can do this the old-fashioned way or you can use compressed air. If you are a daredevil you can use oxygen or hydrogen, but that defeats the purpose of my nice safe project.Place the balloon some distance away from you and use a lighter or candle on a meter stick to pop it and ignite the powder. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.
Monday, March 2, 2020
Biography of Tiberius, 1st Century Roman Emperor
Biography of Tiberius, 1st Century Roman Emperor The Roman emperor Tiberius (November 16, 42 BCEââ¬âMarch 16, 37 CE) was a very capable military leader and a sensible civic leader who tried to restrain Romes out-of-control budget. But he was also dour and unpopular. He is known primarily for his trial for treason, sexual perversion, and eventually shirking his responsibility by going into seclusion. Fast Facts: Tiberius Known For: Roman Emperor in the first century CEBorn: November 16, 42 BCE on the Palatine Hill, RomeParents: Tiberius Claudius Nero (85ââ¬â33 BC) and Livia DrusillaDied: March 16, 37 CE in RomeEducation: Studied with Theodous of Gadara and Nestor the AcademicSpouse(s): Vipsania Agrippina (m. 19 BCE), Livia Julia the Elder, (m. 11 BCE)Children: Drusus Julius Caesar (with Vipsania), Julia, Ti Gemellus, Germanicus (all with Julia) Early Life Tiberius was born on November 16, 42 BCE on the Palatine Hill or at Fundi; he was the son of the Roman quaestor Tiberius Claudius Nero (85ââ¬â33 BC) andà his wife Livia Drusilla. In 38 BCE, Livia was forced to divorce Tiberius Nero to become the wife of the first Roman emperor Augustus. Tiberius Nero died when Tiberius was 9 years old. Tiberius studied rhetoric with Theodorus of Gadara, with Nestor the Academic and perhaps with Athaneaus the Peripatetic. He became fluent in Greek and meticulous in Latin. In his early civic career, Tiberius defended and prosecuted at court and before the Senate. His successes at court included the securing of a charge of high treason against Fannius Caepio and Varro Murena. He reorganized the grain supply and investigated irregularities in slave barracks where free people were detained improperly and where draft dodgers pretended to be slaves. Tiberius political career soared: he became quaestor, praetor, and consul at a young age, andà received the power of a tribune for five years. Marriage and Family In 19 BCE, he married Vipsania Agrippina, the daughter of the renowned general Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (Agrippa); and they had a son, Drusus Julius Caesar. In 11 BCE, Augustus forced Tiberius to divorce Vipsania and marry his daughter Livia Julia the Elder, who was also the widow of Agrippa. Julia had three children with Tiberius: Julia, Ti Gemellus, and Germanicus. Early Military Accomplishments Tiberiuss first military campaign was against the Cantabrians. He then went to Armenia where he restored Tigranes to the throne. He collected missing Roman standards from the Parthian court. Tiberius was sent to govern the long-haired Gauls and fought in the Alps, Pannonia, and Germany. He subjugated various Germanic peoples and took 40,000 of themà as prisoners. He then settled them in homes in Gaul. Tiberius received an ovation and a triumph in 9 and 7 BCE. In 6 BCE, he was ready to accept command of the eastern Roman forces, but instead, at what would seem to be a height of power, he abruptly retired to the island of Rhodes. Julia and Exile By 6 BCE, Tiberius marriage to Julia had gone sour: by all accounts, he regretted leaving Vipsania. When he retired from public life, Julia was banished by her father for her immoral behavior. His stay on Rhodes lasted at least eight years, between 6 BCE and 2 CE, during which time he wore a Greek cloak and slippers, spoke Greek to the townspeople, and attended philosophical lectures. Tiberius tried earlier to return to Rome when his tribunician power ended, but his petition was denied: thenceforth he was referred to as The Exile. After Lucius Caesar died in 2 CE, Tiberius mother Livia arranged for his recall, but to do that, Tiberius had to renounce all political aspirations. However, in 4 CE after all other likely successors had died, Augustus adopted his step-son Tiberius, who in turn had to adopt his nephew Germanicus. For this, Tiberius received tribunician power and a share of Augustuss power and then came home to Rome. Later Military Accomplishments and Ascension to Emperor Tiberius was given tribunician power for three years, during which time his responsibilities would be to pacify Germany and suppress the Illyrian revolt. The German pacification ended in disaster in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (9 CE), when an alliance of Germanic tribes destroyed three Roman legions and their auxiliaries, led by Publius Quinctilius Varus. Tiberius did achieve complete submission of the Illyrians, for which he was voted a triumph. He postponed the triumph celebration out of deference to Varus disaster in Germany: but after two years more in Germany, he settled things and put on a triumphal banquet with 1,000 tables. With the sale of his spoils, he restored the temples of Concord and Castor and Pollux. As a result, in 12 CE, the consuls awarded Tiberius joint control of the provinces (co-princeps) with Augustus. When Augustus died, Tiberius, as tribune, convened the Senate where a freedman read Augustus will naming Tiberius as successor. Tiberius called on the praetorians to provide him a bodyguardà but didnt take the title of emperor immediately nor even his inherited title of Augustus. Tiberius as Emperor At first, Tiberius despised sycophants, intervened in matters of state to check abuses and excesses, abolished Egyptian and Jewish cults in Rome, and banished astrologers. He consolidated the Praetorians for efficiency, crushed city riots, and abolished the right of sanctuary. However, his reign turned sour when informers accused Roman men and women of many, even silly crimes that led to capital punishment and confiscation of their estates. In 26 CE, Tiberius exiled himself to Capri, leaving the empire in control of his Socius Laborum (partner of my labors), Lucius Aelius Sejanus. In Capri, Tiberius stopped fulfilling his civic obligationsà but instead engaged in licentious acts. Most notorious is his training of little boys to act as nipping minnows or tiddlers, to chase him when he went swimming in the imperial pool, nibbling between his legs. Tiberius mean and vengeful streak caught his erstwhile confidant, Sejanus, accused of conspiracy against the emperor. Sejanus was executed for treason in 31 CE. Until Sejanus was destroyed, people had blamed him for the excesses of the emperor, but with his death, the blame rested solely on Tiberius. The empire continued to run on without the direct input of the emperor, who remained in Capri. During Tiberius exile in Capri, Gaius (Caligula) came to live with Tiberius, who was his adopted grandfather. Tiberius included Caligula as joint heir in his will. The other heir was Tiberius brother Drusus child, still a teenager. Death Tiberius died on March 16, 37 CE, at age 77. He had ruled for nearly 23 years. According to Tacitus, when it looked as though Tiberius would die naturally, Caligula tried to take sole control of the empire. Tiberius, however, recovered. At the request of Caligula, the head of the Praetorian Guard, Macro, stepped in and had the old emperor smothered. Caligula was named emperor. Sources Balmaceda, Catalina. The Virtues of Tiberius in Velleius Histories. Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte 63.3 (2014): 340ââ¬â63.Rutledge, Steven H. Tiberius Philhellenism. The Classical World 101.4 (2008): 453ââ¬â67.Seager, Robin. Tiberius. 2nd edition. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 1972, 2005.à Syme, Ronald. History or Biography. The Case of Tiberius Caesar. Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte 23.4 (1974): 481ââ¬â96.
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